Kjæledyr og helse: Er det sunt med en hund?

Hunder og mennesker har et tett forhold, og mange forskere mener at vårt samarbeid med hunder har vært en kritisk faktor i vår utvikling; enkelt og greit; vi ville ikke vært hvor vi var i dag, om det ikke var for hunder (1-3).

Min nevø Kevin, og min brors hund Luna 🙂

Vårt samarbeid med hunder har sannsynligvis vært veldig viktig for suksessfull jakting i tidligere tider, men med dagens moderne industri har vi ikke lenger det behovet, likevel er dog hunder meget populært som kjæledyr, og det estimeres at det er rundt 400 millioner hunder verden rundt (13).

Det er en rekke forskning som assosierer kjæledyr, spesielt hunder, med bedre helse. Jeg har tatt en titt på denne forskningen, og her er noe av det mest interessante jeg har funnet;

  • Hunde og katte-eiere er vist å ha bedre mental og fysisk helse enn ikke-eiere, som resulterer i færre legebesøk og mindre bruk av medisiner (4, 5). Vi må dog huske at korrelasjon ikke nødvendigvis er det samme som årsak, men dette er likevel interessant.
  • I en studie (6) ble nye kjæledyr-eiere funnet å få en veldig betydelig reduksjon i mindre helseproblemer, som varte under hele studien. Kjæledyr-eierne var også i mer fysisk aktivitet.
  • Kjæledyr eierskap er også assosiert med økt sjanse for overlevelse fra hjerte- og karsykdommer, og hundeeiere er betydelig mindre sannsynlig til å dø innen et år etter akutt hjerteinfarkt/myocardial infarction (12).
  • Helsefordeler kan komme selv om man ikke eier en hund, når man er i nærheten av hunder reduseres angst (7), det gir sosial hjelp – det er vist å fungere som en tilretteleggerer for sosiale interaksjoner mellom mennesker (8). En studie viste at rullestol-brukere fikk flere positive sosiale interaksjoner med ukjente når de var i sammen med en hund, enn når de ikke var det (9).
  • Dyre-hjulpede intervensjoner er vist å øke de sosiale egenskapene til personer med Alzheimer’s/demens, som f. eks smiling og latter (10).
  • En studie viste at barn med ADHD som deltok i en utdannelsesprogram med hunder og andre dyr viste økt deltagelse, økt kunnskap og dyktighet, og reduserte anti-sosiale og voldelige oppførskjeler sammenlignet med de som ikke var på et dyre-assistert program (11).

Som dere ser er det en rekke forskning som assosierer kontakt med hunder og andre kjæledyr med forbedret helse – og det hele er vel egentlig logisk; de aller fleste liker kjæledyr – og et smil forlenger livet (14) 🙂

Her er en video av broren min sin hund, Luna, som ikke liker, eller kanskje egentlig er kjempeglad, i føtter 😛

Og her er et lite bildegalleri med noen av hundene i mitt liv 🙂

* Referanser:

1) Tacon, Paul; Pardoe, Colin (2002). «Dogs make us human». Nature Australia 27 (4): 52–61.

2) Ruusila, Vesa; Pesonen, Mauri (August 2004). «Interspecific cooperation in human (Homo sapiens) hunting: the benefits of a barking dog (Canis familiaris)». Annales Zoologici Fennici 41 (4): 545–9.

3) Newby, Jonica (1997). The Pact for Survival. Sydney: ABC Books.

4) Podberscek, A.L. (2006). «Positive and Negative Aspects of Our Relationship with Companion Animals». Veterinary Research Communications 30 (1): 21–27. doi:10.1007/s11259-006-0005-0.

5) Headey B. (1999). «Health benefits and health cost savings due to pets: preliminary estimates from an Australian national survey.». Social Indicators Research 47: 233–243. doi:10.1023/A:1006892908532.

6) Serpell J (December 1991). «Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health and behaviour». Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 84 (12): 717–20. PMID 1774745

7) Wilson CC (August 1991). «The pet as an anxiolytic intervention». The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 179 (8): 482–9. doi:10.1097/00005053-199108000-00006. PMID 1856711.

8)  McNicholas, J.; Collis, G. M. (2006). «Animals as social supports: Insights for understanding animal assisted therapy». In Fine, Aubrey H.. Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 49–71. ISBN 0-12-369484-1.

9) Eddy J, Hart LA, Boltz RP (January 1988). «The effects of service dogs on social acknowledgments of people in wheelchairs». The Journal of Psychology 122 (1): 39–45. PMID 2967371.

10) Batson, K.; McCabe, B.; Baun, M.M.; Wilson, C. (1998). «The effect of a therapy dog on socialization and psychological indicators of stress in persons diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease». In Turner, Dennis C.; Wilson, Cindy C.. Companion animals in human health. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. pp. 203–15. ISBN 978-0-7619-1061-9.

11) ^ Katcher, A.H.; Wilkins, G.G. (2006). «The Centaur’s Lessons: Therapeutic education through care of animals and nature study». In Fine, Aubrey H.. Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 153–77. ISBN 0-12-369484-1.

12) Friedmann E, Thomas SA (December 1995). «Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST)».The American Journal of Cardiology 76 (17): 1213–7.doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80343-9. PMID 7502998.

13) Coppinger, Ray (2001). Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution. New York: Scribner. p. 352. ISBN 0684855305.

14) Abel EL, Kruger ML. Smile intensity in photographs predicts longevity. Psychol Sci. 2010 Apr 1;21(4):542-4. Epub 2010 Feb 26. Pubmed.)

0 Comments

  1. Ingen tvil i min sjel om at dyr, og da spesielt hunder, gjør mennesket til et bedre vesen 🙂

  2. Jeg hadde aldri vært der jeg er i dag uten min firbente sjelevenn, de gir en så mye. Luna var jo forresten helt nydelig 🙂

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